Assignment

 

Maharani Shree Nandkunwarba Mahila Arts and Commerce College 

Name: Chudasama Hetanashi 

Subject: English 

Year : T.Y. B.A . 

Alone: ​​5 

Paper Name: Study of Drama 

Home assignment  

          'Othello' written by William Shakespeare 

Introduction:

         

              Othello is the most famous play written by Shakespeare. It was written in 1603–1604 and first published in 1622 in a small book called "Quarto". This version is based on a copy originally written by Shakespeare. A second version of the play was published in 1623 in the collection of Shakespeare's works "First Folio". This version was revised by Shakespeare himself. After this work, Shakespeare made a small change to his work and reconsidered the work and then wrote the text in Italian, based on an Italian book called De gli Hecatommithi. Othello was originally written in Italian.

About the author: 
               

                William Shakespeare 

https://images.app.goo.gl/Gm3V3DHyYXngoFVW7

Born: April, 1564 

Death: 23 April 1616

        William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet, and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's most famous playwright. 

He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). His extant works, including collaborations, include some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, three long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of which are of uncertain authorship. 

                His plays have been translated around the world. Shakespeare was the most famous figure in English literature, and his works continue to be studied and reinterpreted.

   Character :  

https://images.app.goo.gl/tFt4V6RKicdP8eSz6

       Here is the main or secondary character in the play Othello:  

Othello:  

                 Othello is the protagonist of the play. He is a Moor and a Venetian general. He is honorable, honest, brave and loves his wife named Desdemona. He is easily manipulated by Iago and at the end of the play he kills Desdemona and commits suicide. 

Desdemona: 

                She is Othello's wife, truly in love and honest with Othello, and marries him against her father's wishes. Dies tragically at the end of the play. 

Iago: 

                 The antagonist of the play is Iago. He is a jealous, dishonest person. He is Othello's assistant. He plots against Othello for his dishonesty, takes revenge on Othello, and involves Desdemona, Emilia, Cassio, and Roderigo in his plan. 

Emilia: 

                Iago's wife and Desdemona's maid. Iago uses Emilia as the key to his plane. According to Iago, she takes a handkerchief from Desdemona's room. And at the end of the play, Iago kills her. 

Roderigo:

                     A wealthy Venetian who loves Desdemona. Foolishly follows Iago's advice. Iago uses him for money and then murders him.

Casio: 

                 Cassio is promoted to lieutenant by Othello. A brave and honest officer. A victim of Iago's tricks, he loses his rank but remains honorable.

Brabantio:

                        Desdemona's father. He accused Othello of betraying his daughter. 

Bianca: 

                  Bianca is a woman who loves Cassio. She has very little time to play. 

Montano:

                     Othello was previously the governor of Montano Cyprus. Wounded by Cassio in a quarrel. 

Duke of Venice: 

                       The Duke is an important leader in Venice. He is trying to administer justice and maintain peace between Othello and Brabantio. 

Lodovico and Graziano: 

                 Lodovico and Graziano are relatives of Brabantio. Lodovico brings news from Venice, and Graziano tells everyone that Brabantio is dead.

Clown: 

                      The Clown is Othello's servant. He appears in short scenes to joke and provide a break from the serious story.

Summary (plot of the play):

 

https://images.app.goo.gl/wXGNYAkutHk4Avrk9

                 The play begins with a conversation between Roderigo and Iago. Roderigo pays Iago a sum of money to win Desdemona's love. But Roderigo finds out about Desdemona going out and marrying a Moor named Othello, the captain of the Vanish. However, Iago assures Roderigo that he will help Othello and take revenge. Because Othello has chosen Cassio as his lieutenant who is less experienced than Iago, Iago hates Othello. Roderigo and Iago go to Brabantio and ask Desdemona to go out and marry Othello. 

                Brabantio accuses the Duke of Venice of blaming Othello for winning his daughter through witchcraft. The Duke gives Othello a chance to explain everything. Othello makes his statement that he never won his daughter through witchcraft, but says that their love is true. The Duke of Venice takes Othello's side, and Desdemona confirms her love for him. The Duke sends Othello to Cyprus to protect him from the Turkish fleet. After this news, a storm in the depths of the sea destroys the Turkish fleet and announces the celebration of Venice. Iago continues his efforts for his plane. He drowns Cassio and starts a fight with Roderigo. Montano tries to resolve the problem but is wounded by Cassio. Othello arrives on the scene and asks Iago who started the fight. Iago replies 'Cassio'. Othello rejected Cassio's position. 

                Iago suggests to Cassio that he inform Desdemona of his lost position. Iago sows the seeds of jealousy in Othello's mind. Iago begins to hint to Othello that Desdemona's kindness to Cassio may be more than friendship. He uses hints and fake concern to make Othello suspicious. Emilia gives Iago Desdemona's handkerchief (Othello's first gift to her). Iago plants the handkerchief in Cassio's room as "evidence". Othello's jealousy increases.  

           Othello decides to avenge his infidelity with Desdemona. Meanwhile, Iago tries to kill Cassio by manipulating Roderigo but hoping to overcome all obstacles. Roderigo attacks Cassio but fails, and Iago wounds Cassio to make it seem like he is trying to help. Othello, still convinced of Desdemona's betrayal, plans to kill her.  

                      In their bedroom, Othello accuses Desdemona of cheating for the last time. Despite her pleas and protests of innocence, Othello suppresses her. Emilia enters the room and tells Iago's lie that she has the stolen handkerchief and that he used it from Desdemona. Realizing the truth, Othello is overcome with grief and guilt. He confesses his crime, departs, and takes his own life. Iago is arrested but remains silent about his motives. The play ends tragically with the deaths of Othello and Desdemona. 

Theme: 

1. Jealousy: 

       The main theme, called "The Green-Eyed Monster". Iago is jealous because Othello chose Cassio as his lieutenant. Othello is jealous of Desdemona because he follows Iago's advice and thinks that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio. All the seeds of jealousy are planted by Iago throughout the play. As a result, Othello kills Desdemona and commits suicide. 

2. Appearance versus reality

        

         In this play some characters appear different from their reality. Like Iago, Othello, Roderigo etc. Iago seems honest in the play but in reality he is the villain of the play. Othello is the best character for his soldier life but in love he is unfaithful to Desdemona. Yal. This theme teaches us that we should not judge things only by appearance. 

3. Justice: 

        Lack of justice in the play. Brabantio accuses Othello without any evidence and wants to punish him. Othello wants to take revenge on Desdemona without seeking justice and also wants to make the decision himself. 

4. Love and trust

          Othello and Desdemona's love is strong but is destroyed by lack of trust. Othello accepts everything Iago says or evidences. He believes in his love and Desdemona. Othello considers his love life like a battlefield. This shows lack of trust. 

5. Racism

                     Othello faces discrimination as a Moor in Venetian society. Characters insult him based on his race. 

Symbols : 

Handkerchief: 

       The main symbol of this play is the handkerchief. In old European times, during the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods, people used handkerchiefs as a symbol of love. It was a sweet tradition - a woman would deliberately throw her handkerchief, and the knight or man she liked would pick it up. If he kept it, it showed that he had accepted her love.

         For Iago, the handkerchief becomes a key clue to destroy the love between Othello and Desdemona. At the beginning of the play, Othello becomes a symbol of love, but at the end of the play, he becomes suspicious and mysterious, causing his suicide. 

       In the play, the handkerchief becomes a symbol of love, jealousy, anger, and suspicion. 

Conclusion : 

        Othello is a famous tragic play written by William Shakespeare. 

__________________________***___________________________

     Class assignment:

Part 1: Match the letters with the emoji. 

                                           Answer                

A. 👩‍🦰💍🌹🐤 -            Desdemona

B. 👩‍🦰🧠🗣️🗝 -              Emilia 

C. 👦🏼🕷🧠🤥🗡 -              Iago

D. 🧒🏻💵😢🔪 -            Rodrigo

E. 🧓🏻😠🏛 -            Brabantio

F. 👨‍✈️⚔️💔 -              Othello 

G. 👑⚖️📜 -                Duke 

Part: 2 Who am I? 

 1. 💃🏼💅❤️‍🔥🪡🧵 I am enthusiastic and I am wrongly accused of handkerchiefs. I really like Casio. 

  

Answer - Bianca 

2. 👨🔑🏠 I am an elder of Desdemona's family and help uncover the truth. 

 

   Answer - Granziano

3. 👔 📜🛫 I am a nobleman traveling from Venice to Cyprus with an important order. 

Answer - Lodovico

 

4. ⚔️🌊🤕 I am a former governor of Cyprus who was injured but I am respected.

 

Answer - Montano

Part: 3 Short answer. 

 Question 1 Why is 🗝 used to describe Emilia? 

Answer  . 

            The clue is used for Emilia because Iago tells Emilia that he takes the handkerchief as a symbol of Othello and Desdemona's love. Iago used Emilia as a clue for his plan. 

 

Question 2. What emotion does 💔 indicate about Othello's journey?

 

Answer -

            Othello is heartbroken because he followed everything Iago tells him about Desdemona's love. At the end of the play Othello kills Desdemona and is heartbroken, knowing the truth without.

Question 3. What does 🤥 indicate about Iago's personality? 

 

Answer -

     

           Iago is a jealous person and he is a person who seeks revenge for his own dishonesty. 

Part 4: Express Cassio in emojis. 

       Cassio is a noble young lieutenant who values ​​honor, makes mistakes. Think creatively about which three emojis best represent him.

 Answer 

1.🫡 Cassio is an inexperienced man for his lieutenant position, yet he is fulfilling his responsibilities. 

 

2. 👨‍✈️ Cassio is a conscientious man and remains honest towards his duty.

3. 🤼‍♂️ Cassio is a quarrelsome person who fights with anyone without truth. 

Mcq

https://docs.google.com/document/d/14y6yh-VzzeFGD505YHoR6Zb40PMFy5ZXSz7ZBfgxAGE/edit?usp=drivesdk

1. What is William Shakespeare often called?  

 

A. C) Bard of Avon 

2. In what year was William Shakespeare born?

A. B) 1564

3. How many sonnets did William Shakespeare write?

A. C) 154

4. What type of play is Othello?

A. B) Tragedy 

5. In what language was the original story of Othello written?

A. D) Italian 

6. What is the name of the Italian book that inspired Othello?

A. B) De Gli Hecatomithi  

7. When was the first published version of Othello published?

A. C) 1622

8. In which collection was the second version of Othello included?

A. B) First Folio

 9. Which genre does not fall into the category of Shakespeare's plays?

A. B) Epic 

10. Why is William Shakespeare considered so influential?

A. C) His works are studied, translated and exhibited worldwide. 

11.How many plays did William Shakespeare write (including collaborations)?

A.  C) 39

12. What is "Quarto"?

A. B) A small book form 

13. In which year was Othello first written?

A. B) ૧૬૦૩–૧૬૦૪

14. Why is Roderigo angry with Iago at the beginning of the play?

A. B) Despite paying, Iago failed to get Desdemona for him.

15. Why does Iago claim to hate Othello?

 A. C) Othello promoted Cassio to him.  

16. What steps do Iago and Roderigo take to provoke Brabantio? 

A. C) Wake him up to tell him about Desdemona's escape. 

17. How does Othello defend himself against the accusations of witchcraft?

A. C) He tells stories from his life that won her heart. 

18. What finally convinces the Duke and the Senate of Othello's honesty? 

A. A) Desdemona's own testimony

19. Which event eliminates the Turkish threat to Cyprus?

A .C) A terrible storm at sea
 

20. What small gesture does Iago use between Cassio and Desdemona to manipulate Othello? 
 

 A. A) Shake hands 

21. What advice does Iago give Roderigo about Cassio during the celebration?

A.  C) Start a fight to discredit him

22. How is Cassio deposed?

A. C) He injures Montano during a drunken fight.

23. What advice does Iago give to Cassio after his demotion?

A. B) Ask Desdemona to talk to Othello.

24. How does Iago obtain Desdemona's handkerchief?

A. C) Emilia picks it up and gives it to him  .

25. What false evidence does Iago give Othello of Desdemona's infidelity?

A. C) Cassio wearing Desdemona's handkerchief

26. What effect does jealousy have on Othello's physical condition?

A. C) He has an epileptic seizure.

27. Why does Othello attack Desdemona in front of Lodovico?

A. D) Lodovico announces Cassio's promotion

28. How does Iago use Bianca to strengthen his plot? 

A. B) He lets her return the handkerchief that Cassio has. 

29. What lie does Iago tell Desdemona to explain Othello's anger?    

A. C) Othello is troubled by the love of political affairs

30. Why does Roderigo agree to attack Cassio?
 

 A. D) To win Desdemona's love    

31. How does Iago cover his tracks after the attack on Cassio?

A.  A) He traps Roderigo and kills him.

 32. What does Desdemona claim before her death? 

A. C) She committed suicide.

 33. What final actions bring the play to an end? 

A. A) Cassio becomes general, Iago is executed, and Lodovico returns to Venice. 

34. Why does Othello lose control of his actions? 

A. B) Faith in Iago 

35. What does Desdemona's loyalty in the play demonstrate? 

A. C) True love and innocence

 36. How does Iago manipulate Othello's military mentality? 

A. C) Turns love into war 

37. How does Iago use the theme of "appearance versus reality"? 

A.  C) He pretends to be honest.

 38. What thing becomes a symbol of betrayal for Othello? 

A. D) Handkerchief 

39. Why is Othello's idea of ​​justice flawed? 

A. C) It operates not on truth, but on anger. 

40. What does the play teach about judging people by appearance?

 A. C) Appearances can be deceiving.

41. Who gave the original handkerchief to Othello's mother? 

A. C) An Egyptian magician 

42. How does Iago use the handkerchief in his plan? 

A.  C) He will plant it with Cassio. 

43. Which animal is Othello compared to in the play? 

A.  B) Horse 

44. What does the language of animals in the play mostly represent? 

A.  C) Prejudice and racism 

45. What does the symbolic use of animals reveal about Iago's language? 

A. C) It shows his use of inhuman insults.

46. ​​​​What becomes of the meaning of the handkerchief by the end of the play?

  A. C) It is a symbol of lies and jealousy. 

47. Why does Iago hate Othello?

  A. C) Othello did not promote him. 

48. Who is the "Moor of Venice"?

A. C) Othello 

49. What kind of person is Desdemona?

A. B) Kind and loyal 

50. What does Iago do throughout the play? 

A. C) deceives people and causes destruction  

51. Who is Emilia? 

A. C) Iago's wife and Desdemona's maid

52. What is Cassio's main problem in the play? 

A. B) He loses his job after the fight 

53. What does Roderigo want most? 

A. D) To win Desdemona's love 

54. Who is Bianca in the play? 
 

A. B) A prostitute who loves Cassio 

55. What is Brabantio's reaction to Desdemona's marriage? 

A. C) He is angry and shocked. 

56. What role does Lodovico play at the end of the play? 

A. B) He gives Othello's property to Graziano.

- Provide information about the three main characters and three secondary characters of Othello. 

Othello: 

          Othello is the protagonist of the play. Othello comes from North Africa. He is a Moor and captain of Venice. He is a respected, brave, and honorable soldier. Othello feels like an outsider, which creates a vulnerability in the play. His love for Desdemona is true and passionate, but his trust can easily be shaken. His tragic flaw is jealousy - once Iago sows the seeds of doubt, Othello cannot control his emotions. And kills Desdemona and then commits suicide at the end of the play. 

Desdemona: 

               The heroine of the play is Desdemona. She is the wife of Othello and the daughter of Brabantio. Desdemona is portrayed as virtuous, loyal, and in love with Othello. She marries Othello against her father's wishes, demonstrating courage and strength of character. She is kind, defends Cassio, and always tries to resolve conflicts. Despite her loyalty, she is the tragic victim of Othello's jealousy and Iago's deceit.

Iago  : 

           

         The villain of the play is Iago. Iago is a master manipulator who exploits everyone for his own selfish goals. He is angry with Othello for promoting him instead of Cassio. He uses psychological tricks to plant seeds of doubt in Othello's mind. Unlike other Shakespearean villains, Iago has no concrete motive - his actions demonstrate pure malice.

Two main characters: 

Brabantio: 

         Brabantio is Desdemona's father. He opposes the marriage of Othello and Desdemona. He accuses Othello of winning his daughter through witchcraft. 

Montano: 

            Montanus was the governor of Cyprus before Othello took charge. He was injured by Cassio during the fight between Roderigo and Cassio. 

                 ***

_________________________

Essay

Critical analysis of the play Othello. 

       Shakespeare wrote this tragic play. With a deep analysis of humanity and our society. All the characters in this play reveal deep emotional influences, inequality, racism, etc. 

Social analysis:

     In this play, Shakespeare presents the reality of society. 

   

Racism:  

          At first, the characters of Othello face many social discriminations because he is a Moor. At first, Desdemona's father refuses to accept the marriage of Othello and Desdemona because he is a black man. Iago disrespects Othello and manipulates and destroys him for his plan. Othello is a brave, honest and respected officer for his country. Iago tries to convince Othello that he is a black man. Why did Desdemona choose him? This dialogue shows the discrimination between black and white people.

Gender discrimination: 

       In this play, Desdemona, Emilia, Bianca all face gender discrimination. 

          All those women follow all the decisions made by men. First Desdemona marries Othello against her father's wishes and her father refuses this marriage. Emilia faces humiliation from her husband Iago, who only uses his wife for his own reasons. At the end of the play both women are killed by their husbands. 

      These things show social and gender discrimination. 

      Money power and hierarchy:

               This play shows that in our society people only respect money and rich people. No matter who has money and power in high authority, poor people follow their instructions and decisions. 

      Iago only helped Roderigo for the money. Brabant accepted the Duke's decision for their rights. 

Psychological analysis: 

   Othello Psychology: 

       Othello is a brave, honest and powerful officer for his country. But he has to face inequality in society because he is a Moor and faces many bad words like "Black House". 

      He is a true man but he trusts Iago more than Desdemona. He lets Iago control his thoughts. Jealousy grows in his mind like a seed and he becomes unable to understand what is right or wrong. He interprets everything as infidelity. 

          His mind changes from rational decision → obsessive imagination → destructive madness.

Desdemona's Psychology:  

           Desdemona is a peaceful, moral and loyal person. She is a true or innocent person but she never wants to fight with her husband and these things become a weakness for her. And she accepts the murder by Othello, but still she says that she committed suicide. 

    Iago's Psychology: 

         Iago's personality is cunning, jealous, and vengeful for his own dishonesty. He believes that everything is achieved through betrayal. His appearance is different from his real mind. At first he appears honest but in reality he is evil. He uses psychological tricks: subtly planting suspicion, using pauses, silences, and half-truths rather than direct accusations.

          All the main characters express these psychological effects in the reader's mind and evoke emotional and affective human beings. 

         The main theme is that jealousy grows like a seed. It becomes a disease for all the characters. Thus

       "Jealousy is like a red-eyed demon"

https://images.app.goo.gl/so6DupAijrApu5EX9

Jealousy is like a seed of a plant, when it enters our mind it grows like a disease . 

Philosophical analysis: 

         Human nature: 

      In this play, all the characters show their nature, Desdemona is a loyal and true person, Iago is a jealous person, Othello considers his life like a war or battle, he thinks that whoever breaks his trust, he takes revenge from them. 

          This play shows the character's nature; everything he faces causes his human nature to shine. 

       

       Tragic play: 

         The philosophical nature of all the characters, their lack of trust, and their lack of understanding between each other lead to a tragic end to the play. 

        

  

     Illusion versus reality:

         The handkerchief becomes a symbol of how appearances can be deceiving. Othello kills Desdemona not for her actions, but for what she believed. Shakespeare warns: Humans often act on illusions rather than truth.

Conclusion:

Psychologically, it's about jealousy and manipulation.

Socially, it is about race, gender, and power.

Philosophically, it is about evil, illusion, and human fragility.

           

                     ***

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 Maharani Shree Nandkuvaraba Mahila Arts and Commerce College 

Name : Chudasama Hetanshi 
Subject : English
Year : T. Y. B. A. 
Sem : 5

professor name : Shivani ma’am
Paper name : Study of a Novel

Home Assignment

        " Sense and         sensibility "

                             
 -  by  Jane Austen 

About Author :
 

                         Jane Austen

https://share.google/images/CnOeFtNydWYUdwofY

 

Born : 16 December 1775
Steventon, Hampshire, England

Died : 18 July 1817 (aged 41)
Winchester, Hampshire, England 

       Jane Austen was an English novelist known primarily for her six novels, which implicitly interpret, critique, and comment on the English landed gentry at the end of the 18th century. 

                 Occupation : Novelist
● Notable work :
● Sense and Sensibility (1811)
● Pride and Prejudice (1813)
● Mansfield Park (1814)
● Emma (1816)
● Northanger Abbey (1817)
● Persuasion (1817)

● Sense and Sensibility (working title; Elinor and Marianne) is the first novel by
the English author Jane Austen, published in 1811.

Characters of this novel : 

      Major character : 

1.Elinor Dashwood :

       

                   Elinor is 19 years old and older sister from Dashwood family . She has a great deal with common sense and caring for her family. She is kind , calm, sensible and practical in her life . She thinks before acting in any situation with their senses. She loves Edward Ferrars. 

2.Marianne Dashwood : 

        Two years younger than Elinor . She is a sensible person who sees any situation with emotionally, impulsive . She shares her situation and feelings openly. First Marianne fall in love with  Willoughby but he cheated her and lastly she fell in love with Colonel Brandon and got married . 

3.Margaret Dashwood : 

         

 

     The youngest Dashwood girl, she is thirteen; she tries to imitate Marianne's romantic sentiments, but is not nearly as extreme. She is included in most social invitations that the Dashwoods are invited to, though she is neither a child nor an adult, which is perhaps an awkward position for her.

4. Henry Dashwood :
         

         father of Elinor, Marianne and Margaret also has a son, John, from a previous marriage. He dies at the beginning of the novel, leaving his wife and daughters little money and his son his estate.  

5.Mrs Dashwood :
    

          She is mother of Elinor , Marianne and Margaret. She has a romantic temperament and is very close to her daughter . She hopes that her daughter is married well and settled in life very well . 

6. John Dashwood :

    

         

  

    John Dashwood is the son of Henry Dashwood. He is selfish and miserly and mostly unpleasant to his half sister. He is married to Fanny Dashwood who is more selfish . 

 7. Fanny Dashwood : 

      Fanny Dashwood is wife of  John Dashwood and sister in law of  Dashwood sister. She is jealous for Dashwood sister. She is selfish and greedy person. 

8. Edward Ferrars : 

            

                 Edward Ferrars is a brother of Fanny Dashwood and loves Elinor. He got a secret engagement to Lucy steel but in the end she left Edward. He has a kind personality, honest and good hearted . 

9. Sir John Middleton :

            John Middleton is a neighbor of the Dashwood family and owner of Barton Park. He gave his park to Dashwood sisters and mother. He often comes to this park and meets Dashwood and looks that comfortable. 

10. Mrs Jennings : 

     Mrs Jennings is mother of Lady Middleton and mother- in -law . She is a joyful person in any situation. She has far more in common with her son-in-law than with her daughter, as they both love company and shows of humor.

11. Colonel Brandon : 

           

 

           He is an older person whose age is 35 years . He loves Marianne but she thinks he is old for her and at the end of the novel she gets married to Colonel Brandon. He is a retired soldier. His countenance is rather stern and grim, hiding his good heart; Elinor finds him good company, though Marianne considers him too dour and not nearly romantic enough to be suitable company.

12. John Willoughby : 

             

            He is smart, good looking, and an attractive person . He likes art ,music and poetry like Marianne . He proves to be reckless and more deceptive than anyone could have imagined.

13. Lucy Steels : 

        She is a selfish, clever and greedy person for money. First she secretly engaged with Edward Ferrars and left him. Lastly she married the brother of Edward Ferrars whose name is Robert Ferrars. 

Minor character : 

 

 1.Lady Middleton : 

                  Lady Middleton is Sir John's wife .She is polite but superficial; cares more about appearances.she does not share Sir John's love for company, and finds that most people are not to her liking.

2. Mrs. Ferrars :

         Mrs. Ferrars is the mothe of Edward ,Fanny and Robert Ferrars. Determined that her sons should marry well, she ends up disowning Edward, then embracing Robert for marrying or threatening to marry Lucy Steele.

3. Robert Ferrars : 

               Robert Ferrars is brother of Edward Ferrars. He is married with Lucy steels after leave Edward Ferrars. Later Lucy left Robert Ferrars.

4. Miss Morton : 

       Morton who supposed to marry with Edward according to Mrs. Ferrars choice but Edward denied. Miss Morton is wealthy woman. 

5. Mrs. Smith : 

            Mrs. Smith is the aunt of Willoughby. He got property from his aunt . She does not appear in the novel. 

6. Miss Grey : 

            Willoughby's chosen wife; he does not love her, but she has a great deal of money, which is why he chooses her over Marianne.

7.Mr. Palmer : 

          Very bitter man, who usually makes cutting, sarcastic remarks at the expense of his wife and of others. He is very unpleasant to be around, and drives away most people, despite his wife's frequent apologies.

8. Mrs. Palmer : 

            Mrs. Jennings' other daughter, she is foolishly good-spirited and empty-headed as well. She ignores the rudeness and insults that her husband so frequently offers up, deceiving herself that he is good-natured and means well.

9. Miss Steels :

         A distant cousin of Mrs. Jennings, she and her sister become guests at Barton Cottage for a number of months. Miss Steele is foolish, flippant, and very ignorant,and gains the approval of Lady Middleton through shameless flattery and pandering to her children.

10.Dr. Harris : 

         Herris is a doctor who helps during Marianne's illness. Give his medicines amd treatment. 

Summary of the novel : 

            Sense and Sensibility great novel written by Jane Austen in 1811 . Jane Austen give difference between sense ans sensibility. 

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Beginning story : 

         Henry Dashwood lived at Norland Park in Sussex, England, a property owned by his wealthy uncle. He has three daughters from their current marriage whose names are Elinor, Marianne, and Margaret. From them Elinor is older sister in Dashwood family whose age is 19 years and Marianne is younger than Elinor age is 17 and Margaret age is 13 years. Also has a son from prior marriage whose name is John Dashwood. He has a wife whose name is Fanny Dashwood she is more selfish than John. 

          At the beginning of the novel Henry Dashwood is died and tell his son John that he give his half property to his sisters after his father death John decide to give 3000 pound . But John's wife Fenny denied. Keep money for they children. Henry's widow Mrs. Dashwood and her three daughter stay several month to Noraland Park.

Go to Barton park : 

            

              Mr. Middleton is the landlord and neighbor of Dashwood family. He gave permission to live in his property at Barton Park. Mrs. Dashwood left Norland park and stay in Barton park with their three daughters. At this time Elinor likes Edward Ferrars brother of Fanny. But Fanny and her mother don't like this. Because Elinor have leck of money. In cottage lady Middleton wife of Mr. Middleton and his mother whose name is Mrs. Jennings. She is joyful and gossipy person. She meets Dashwood sisters to Colonel Brandon 35 yers old bachelor man. Who love with Marianne but Marianne dislike them because they elder. 

Love story begins : 

   

           At Barton park one day Elinor and Marianne walk in the country. When it begins to rain suddenly, they run back toward their cottage, but Marianne trips and falls. A gentleman who happens to be passing by picked her up and gallantly carries her home. He introduces himself as Willoughby. Marianne falls in love with Willoughby . Both choices are the same , like art, music, and poetry. Mrs. Dashwood guesses they become engaged. Willoughby often meets Marianne for dinner at Barton park . Edward often meets Elinor in Barton park; he thinks that he has feelings for Elinor. But his mother supposed that he would marry a wealthy woman, Miss Morton but Edward denied. 

          Marianne and Willoughby grow closer and closer, as the Dashwoods continue to attend numerous social events at Bartan park. Margaret sees Marianne give Willoughby a lock of her hair, and assumes that they are engaged. One evening at Barton Park, Mrs. Jennings asks Elinor if she had any man whom she was fond of, and Margaret lets slip that Elinor is taken by someone whose name began with an F.

       

Problem begins :  

                 Colonel Brandon goes to London for their work. He tells Marianne that Willoughby is not right man for you. On next Willoughby informs Marianne that he go to london for the business identify. Marianne became upset and sad hearing this news Elinor thought they both engaged. A few days later Mrs. Jennings decides to go to London and tells Dashwood's sister to accompany her. 

        Marianne becomes happy because they want to meet Willoughby in London. Elinor isn't in a mood but she goes for their sister Marianne. 

Fall in love : 

         Marianne wrote many letters for Willoughby but they did not reply to this letter. One Elinor and Marianne saw Willoughby at a party but Willoughby ignored him. Elinor sees a man named Edward with a lock of hair in their hand. Elinor thinks that she has gotten someone. After some days both come to Cottage from London Marianne falls in love betrayed by Willoughby and becomes sad and ill.  

      During the illness Marianne meets Lucy Steele who is a clever, selfish and greedy person for money. Lucy tells Elinor that she is secretly engaged to Edward . Elinor became sad and shocked by this news. 

Turning point : 

            Marianne become ill. Elinor try to recover her sister. Colonel Brandon come from London and takes care to Marianne in his illness. Brandon tells Elinor Willoughby’s reality that his adopted daughter loves Willoughby both has been seducally attached and gotten pregnant then abortions. Elinor was shocked to hear about Willoughby. After some day Willoughby meets Elinor and beg from her for their rood behaviour. He tells that he go to London for his property and he is engaged with Miss Gray not for a love but money. Then he was divorced. He confesses that he likes Marianne and her behaviour. But Marianne and Elinor denied. 

Ending :

       Now Marianne confess that she is love to Colonel Brandon. Elinor think that Marianne and Brandon marry. Marianne becomes upset for Elinor. Edward meets Elinor and tells him he broke his engagement to Lucy because she cheated and married his brother. Now he is divorced. 

      Edward proposed to Elinor for a marriage and Elinor accepted his proposal. Both sisters are happily married. 

Theme :

1. Sense vs Sensibility : 

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         Jane Austen discusses both themes in this novel. Elinor represents a sense who deals with every situation with logic and intellect. Marianne represents sensibility who deals every situation with emotions, weakness and feelings. The novel shows that both qualities are important in life.

2. Gender : 

         In ancient times there was much gender discrimination Austen represented in her novel. Women, all things decided by man. women cannot own property, are expected to stay in the home, marry, and be polite and good company. Gender dictates acceptable roles and behavior, and even in the world of the novel, there is little room to deviate.

3 . Appearance vs. reality : 

        In novels there are many characters representing themselves in one way (appearance ) but bring another way (reality) . Like Willoughby, Lucy Steele.

     Willoughby first represented himself as a great man but in reality he cheated Marianne. Lucy is a selfish and greedy person. Colonel Brandon's face is dull, old but he is a kind person. This theme represent person not judge by look but their behaviour. 

4.Reality vs Romantic Ideals : 

        Marianne in her romantic dream believes in feeling and emotion. She thinks that love is full of joy and poetry. But reality hits her hard when Willoughby leaves her for money.

         The theme shows that too much romantic imagination can lead to pain.

5. Love and Marriage :  

   Austen describes both sisters getting married not for love but as necessary for economical and social status. Elinor and Marianne both expect to marry well and become rich men in this society. Willoughby marries for money, which shows the greed in society.

    True love wins in the end: Elinor with Edward, Marianne with Colonel Brandon. 

6. Money/Inheritance

         Laws surrounding inheritance are what put the Dashwood women in limbo at the beginning of the novel; and their lack of money, compounded with their inability to work, means that they cannot ease their situation, except through marrying well.Money also dictates the eligibility of Elinor and Marianne, as women with larger dowries are of course seen as better prospects for marriage.

Symbols : 

Money : 

      

        Money is the powerful symbol of greed, social standard, marriage and financial status. Both sisters in this novel want to marry for love but necessary for better financial conditions. Characters in the novel prioritize financial security, sometimes at the expense of love and happiness, highlighting the societal pressures of the time. 

Dances : 

       In Dance become a symbol of happiness. People gather at parties and dance. It describes upper class level, social wealth, friendship and becoming better relationships with each other. They also represent a form of temporary escape and a place where characters might momentarily forget their troubles.

 Homes:

         In the novel, permanent homes symbolize landed wealth, class privilege, and security. The Dashwood sisters, at the beginning of the story, are in a precarious position due to the shifting fortunes of their family and the potential loss of their home, Norland Park.

Locks of Hair:

  

          Exchanging locks of hair is a symbol of  affection and intimacy, but in the novel, the tokens of affection prove unreliable and are ultimately discarded or returned. This highlights the difference between superficial expressions of love and the more permanent commitment of marriage.

Conclusion : 

     

         This novel represent both sisters situation. Elinor representing sense she deals every situation with logic and sense. Marianne represents sensibility and she deals with every situation with feelings and emotions.

Class Assignment :

Mansfield park 

                 By Jane Austen

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Introduction : 

              

                     Mansfield park is the most famous novel written by Jane Austen in 1814 . This most famous work from her six novels. She describes morality, social class wealth, love and family relationships. In her story Fanny Price is the major character. Describes his life from childhood to elder age . Fanny’s family is poor, which is why they sent Fanny to their aunty's house for their better future. Her aunty is a rich man. Austen explores the contrast between true virtue and superficial manners in English society of the early 19th century. The novel is set in a large country estate, which becomes the center of complex social interactions and moral questions. 

Character : 

Fanny Price : 

    Fanny Price is the main character( heroine)in this novel. Her family is poor, that's why her Family Mr. And Mrs. Price sent Fanny to Mrs. Price's sister , Lady Bertram; she is from a wealthy family. Fanny is a kind, moral and thoughtful person . She secretly loves his cousin Edmund. Fanny feels alone in her aunt's hours. 

Fanny's Family : 

       Mr. And Mrs. Price is a parent of Fanny. They have many children. Williams is Fanny's brother. Her family is poor. They do not earn enough money for her family. 

Sir Thomas Bertram : 

   Thomas Bertram is uncle of Fanny . He is a rich man and owner of Mansfield park . She is a good, successful man and he values social class duty . He always supported Fanny. He refused to do drama. 

Lady Bertram :

    Lady Bertram, wife of Thomas Bertram and Fanny's aunt . She is a lazy and self absorbed person. She has four children Tom, Edmund and two daughters Maria , Julia .  

Tom Bertram : 

       Elder son of Bertram family. He is irresponsible and wild. Always having a party. 

Edmund Bertram :

       Fanny's cousin and close friend . Kind and supportive to Fanny . He wants to become a clergyman. Falls for Mary Crawford but later realizes Fanny is right for him. And lastly, get married to Fanny. 

Maria Bertram : 

      She is the elder sister from Bertram house. She is a greedy person. She conveyed to her father to marry Mr. Rushworth for money. But she has an affair with Henry Crowford. Go out with Henry at the end of the story. 

Julia Bertram : 

Younger Bertram daughter . Jealous and flirtatious and elopes later in the story 

Mrs Norris :

       

         Mrs. Norris is sister of Mrs. Price and Mrs. Bertram. She is Fanny's aunt Selfish ,harsh and always a critic of Fanny. She is a widow. 

The crawford siblings :

 Mary Crawford : 

   Mary Crawford sibling. She is pretty and charming. She comes to Mansfield Park. First her affair with Edmund but she dislikes it because they don't like Edmund’s clergyman after she marries Tom Bertram. 

Henry Crawford :

      He is a funny , funny person. He flirts with Maria but he tells that love to Fanny. Then he goes out with Maria. 

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Summary:

        Fanny Price belongs to a poor family. Her parents Mr. Price and Mrs. Price don't earn enough money for families that have many children . That is why they sent Fanny to Mansfield park, a rich relative of Mrs. Price, Thomas Bartram house for their better future. Fanny feels alone herself in Mansfield park. 

Her father is a sailor who drinks a lot. Fanny is often treated badly by her aunt Mrs. Norris. 

      The Bertram daughters, Maria and Julia, are proud and selfish; both are jealous of Fanny . The elder son Tom is careless and drinks too much. Only Edmund understands Fanny. Edmund and Fanny become friends and Fanny secretly loves Edmund. 

               Edmund is young and he wants to become a clergyman . Fanny is bored of her life at Mansfield Park. Maria tells her father that she is like to Mr. Rushworth is rich and she wants to marry him for money . Her father denied but after she conveyed it to her father.Mr. Thomas goes to Antigua for their business. After that his neighbors who live besides Mansfield Park name is Mr. And Mrs. Crawford . He has siblings whose name is Mary Crawford and Henry Crawford arrived at Mansfield Park during the absence of Thomas. Both siblings are attractive, funny and charming. Henry, a young handsome man , flirted with both Maris ( already engaged) and Julia. 

        Edmund likes Mary because she is charming. That is why Fanny is jealous of Mary but she can't say that and keeps quiet. All get together and they want to play a drama. All conveyance but Fanny and Edmund refuse. Thomas comes and stops the drama because it is inappropriate. 

      A few days later Maria married a rich man named Mr Rushworth and went to London with his sister Julia. Mary left Edmund and lived together with Tom because Edmund chose to want to become a Clergyman, she dislikes his choice.and Tom becomes inheritance of his property. Fenny there are many proposals but Fenny denies Thomas seeing that situation sent Fenny some day to their home. Henry falls in love with Fanny; he proposes to Fenny but refuses. Henry does many tries to convince Fanny. Fanny is habituated for their luxurious life . Thomas was upset for rejecting Fenny's proposal. Besides Edmund realizing his mistakes Mary is not good for him. 

        Henry runs away with the married Maria (a big scandal). Julia elopes with Yates (Tom’s friend). Tom became seriously ill due to his wild lifestyle .  

          A few days later Fanny comes to Mansfield Park with her sister Susan. Edmund realized his mistake. He confesses he has true feelings for Fanny. He loves Fanny Price . And they marry in Mansfield Park. 

          Julia and Yates are forgiven. Maria lives abroad with Mrs. Norris. The Crawfords (Henry and Mary) are rejected. Fanny and Edmund live happily at Mansfield Park.

 

Theme :  

1. Social class and Status : 

      Fanny and her family are poor. Her parents do not earn enough money for the family. Her father sweated all the money in drink . That is why her mother sent Fanny to their sister's house at Mansfield Park. For Fanny’s better future. These things show Social class and Financial status. The novel explores the rigid class system in 19th-century England.

           Fenny is poor, that is why she is less respected in her wealthy family the first time she feels lonely at Mansfield Park.  

2. Morality and Charm : 

       Fanny is a kind , moral and honest person. She loves Edmund secretly but Edmund likes Mary Crawford. Because she is an attractive, beautiful and charming person but she cheated Edmund and lives with Tom. Edmund realizes that Fanny is right for him. 

         Henry is a handsome person; he flirted with Maria and Julia. He propose to Fenny but she denied she is understood that he is not right for her. Jane Austen represent in novel both theme morality and charming. People always focus on beautiful things and person but they don't seen honesty of their person. Fenny represent morality and Henry , Maria represent charming. 

 

3. Gender Roles and Women’s Position :

            The novel reflects the limited options for women. Marriage is the primary path for women to secure their future. Women are judged by beauty, charm, and obedience rather than independence.

4. Family and Duty : 

      Fanny has taken responsibility for both families. She has gratitude to his uncle Thomas and Thomas represent authority and responsibility for his family and their better future.  

5. Marriage and Love : 

Marriage is seen both as a social contract and a matter of affection. The novel critiques marrying for wealth or status rather than love and virtue. Fanny and Edmund’s union is idealized for being based on genuine affection and shared values.

Setting : 

1. Mansfield park : 

     Mansfield park is the major setting of this novel . Fenny has lived at this park since childhood. Park is the symbol of a wealthy man whose owner is Thomas. This park represents higher class and financial status. Fanny feels alone at this park . Because she is belong to poor family

2. Portsmouth : 

Fanny’s birthplace, a busy and noisy seaport town. Represents poverty, disorder, and lack of refinement. 

     When Fanny returns there, she realizes how different Mansfield Park is and why manners and education matter. This contrast highlights the gap between classes.

3. London : 

Represents temptation, luxury, and moral looseness.The Crawford siblings and Maria often go there, where their flirtations and scandals escalate.

Symbols : 

1. Jewelry  : 

Jewelry Symbol of Love, loyalty, and true values.

 Edmund gives Fanny the cross as a token of affection, while Mary offers a chain to match it, symbolizing her manipulation and contrast in values. Fanny chooses Edmund’s gesture over Mary’s, showing her loyalty and moral clarity.

2. The East Room : 

Room is the Symbol of Fanny’s inner life and moral strength.

        The room is Fanny’s private refuge where she reads, reflects, and stays true to her principles.

It represents her independence and quiet resilience.

     

Conclusion : 

               The setting of Mansfield Park is not just a backdrop for the story; it plays a vital role in shaping the characters and themes of the novel. The grand estate of Mansfield Park stands for tradition, morality, and social order, while places like Portsmouth and London highlight poverty, chaos, and temptation. Through these contrasting settings, Jane Austen shows the difference between stability and disorder, virtue and corruption. The physical spaces—such as the East Room, the Sotherton wilderness, and the Mansfield estate—mirror the moral choices of the characters. Thus, the setting becomes a powerful symbol of the values Austen wants to uphold: integrity, responsibility, and the importance of proper guidance.

Prestation link : 

https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/mansfield-park-by-jane-austen-presentation/282958848

 

Essay :

The Role of Women and Social Expectations in Jane Austen’s Sense and Sensibility

Introduction : 

     The novel sense and sensibility was written by Jane Austen in the 19th century . It was a time when women followed strict rules given by society. Women were expected to be polite, modest, and dependent on men for financial security. Women shouldn't have the right to do things in any situation. People treat them like dolls. For a woman who gets married not only for love but necessary for money, and financial status in the society. Here we are discussing women and the social expectations they had to follow in Sense and Sensibility.

Social Expectation in society : 

Women's dependence on marriage for security. :

        In this novel there are three main characters. Elinor, Marianne feces financial conditions .after death of her father she faces many struggle because they inheritance by his brother who give very little money for three sister and her mother. All sisters is younger suffering from financial condition. That's why her mother expected her daughter get married and settle in life very well . These things show in the novel and express the reality of this society. That single women have not secure in this society. 

They could not earn enough to live a comfortable life, so marriage was their only option for security. For example, Mrs. Dashwood hopes her daughters will marry rich men to live happily. This was a common social expectation at that time.

Elinor Dashwood represent sense in society: 

     Elinor is 19 years old , she is elder from her sister that why they have many responsibility in family. She deals with all situations with reason, logic and understanding. After her father's death she is one who takes responsibility for her family. She understands how to behave politely in society. She loves Edward but she never against her family will and take reputations of her family. Elinor always think about her family. In this Elinor situation expresses gender discrimination in society. People also think about women that single women does not secure in this society. Thats why Elinor get married not only for love but necessary for financial condition and social status. 

       Jane Austen expresses through the Elinor character all society accepts like this woman. Polite, came, dutiful, and respected behaviour expected by women in this society. 

Marianne Dashwood represent sensibility : 

          Marieanne is younger then Elinor who is 17 years old. Marianne Dashwood is totally different from Elinor. She represents sensibility which means patience and emotion. Marianne deals with all situations emotionally, feeling and weakly. Marianne is emotional girl. She only think about her self. She believes in romance and poetry. She is open minded share her situation. First she loves Willoughby but he cheated her. Society criticizes Marianne for her behavior, and when Willoughby leaves her, people blame her more than him. This shows that women were judged more harshly than men.

     Woman does not have right to choose her life partner according to her choice. And how women behave with others in this society is decided by men. Men always do wrong with women but people also blame women. Jane Austen represent this thing through Marianne character . Women who like Marianne always do not describe a person how he is. She always seen emotionally. 

Role of women :

    All role about women decide by society. Even her life style clothes, study, career , money, behavior , and her life choices. In ancient society women don't have equal rights as man. Society always expect that women get merriage and continue one generation to next. Jane Austen write in that time situation faces by women. Mam show upper than the women. People always think about women in kichen. 

         Continuing time pass out and become equal situation for women. Being polite, respected behavior accept by society. 

    Jane Austen’s Critique of Gender Roles :

Through the novel, Jane Austen criticizes these strict rules for women. She shows how women had very limited choices and were forced to depend on men. At the same time, Austen suggests that both sense and sensibility are important. A woman should have feelings but also follow reason. In the end, both Elinor and Marianne find happiness, but only after learning to balance emotion and social expectations.

              Society often show different role in the society for man and women. Woman always do one things according to man says. Our society follows patriarchal tradition in this tradition with man as the main character. Women follow all the rules that man's said even for her lifestyle, like study, career,and money. 

Conclusion : 

      In Sense and Sensibility, the role of women is strongly connected to social expectations. Women were expected to marry well, behave politely, and never break social rules. Jane Austen shows how unfair these rules were and how they limited women’s freedom. At the same time, she teaches that happiness comes from balance—women should have emotions but also use reason. The novel gives us a clear picture of women’s struggles and social norms in the 19th century.

  

                    

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               Navaratri

                

             

                    Navaratri  is   celebrate  in  hindu  festival .  According  to  hindu's  calander   navaratri    come   gujarati   month   called   "aaso"  .   Navaratri   lasts  for  nine  days  ,  and  last   days   in   this  festival   called   vijayadashami .   

                  Literally  meaning  of   navaratri   is a  set  of   nine  nights .  The   navaratri   festival  is  goddes   maa  durga .  This  is  a   bettel   between  maa  durga  and  powerful   demon  mahishasura .  Mahishasura  is  very  powerful  demon , he  want  to   become  rule   all  over   eartha,  heaven ,  kailash   and  other  part  of    this  universe .  Mahishasura  taken  boon   from  brahama  that   he  become   immortal ,  man  never  kill  him .  The  purpose  of  mahishasura  death  maa  durga  to  assume   nine  avatar . 

 

                     It  is  the   devote  to  the  worship  of  maa durga  and  her  nine  avatar.   

       Maa  Shailputri  ,  Maa  Brahmacharini,  Maa Chandraghanta,  Skandamata  ,  Maa  Katyayani  ,  Maa  kalratri,  Maa  Mahagauri  ,  Maa  Siddhidatri. 

     

                                                            

 This   all  images  taken  from  google maata's  nine  avatar. 

     

                    Indian   people  playing  garaba  in  this  nine  days  .   People  celebrated   this  festival  very   excitedly ,  Enthusiasm  and  devote   the  goddes  durga  maa.  Navaratri  is  the  most  famous   festival  in  Indian  culture.  

        

                  Scientific   reason  of  navaratri   is  the  ancient  people   known   the  connection   between   the  macrocosm  and   microcosm  and  the  part  of   our   body  the  cosmos   plant  the  cosmic  rays  and  the  vibration   are   connected   to   a  particular  bird   particularly grain  herb   or  the  particular  part  of  the  human   body  . Navaratri  explore   the  time  to  this  deeper   connection .  

                      Navaratri   is  celebrate   many  states  in  India  from  them   in   Gujarat  there  are   Ahmedabad  , Vadodara,  surat ,  and   other  sities.   In   Mumbai  from   Maharashtra   is  big  celebration   of   navaratri.   

                 Navaratri  is  the  festival  of  victory , courage ,  enthusiasm. 

          

                  " Happy   Navaratri "