Maharani shree Nandkuvaraba Mahila Arts and Commerce collage
Name : chudasama Hetanshi
Subject : English
Year : T. Y. B. A
Sem : 6
Paper name : A Study of Indian English Novel and Short Stories
Professor name : Amina ma'am
Class Assignment : character's of short stories
Home Assignments : How I taught my grandmother to read
Essay : The long silence ( feminism & identity crisis)
Class Assignment
Character of short stories
Toba tek singh
by Saadat Hasan Manto
Character :
Toba tek singh :
https://share.google/2e7Okdc95RvHk5ebR
Toba tek singh is the main character of this short story. The story is about the partition between India and Pakistan. Toba tek singh lived 15 years at lahor, a lunatic asylum . He asks questions to every man “ where is Toba tek singh ” . And he stood beside the wall without any movement . He speaks meaningless words. His real name is Bishan Singh. He is known for his hometown Toba that's why people called him Toba Tek Singh. He died in the land between India or Pakistan showing that he doesn't want to live neither in India nor Pakistan.
Fazal din :
Fazal din is the friend of Toba Tek Singh after 15 years. Who brings news that his family is safe and staying in India. He became confused when Bishan Singh asked the question “ Where is Toba Tek Singh ” .
God inmate :
He is the first inmate to claim that he is god. When Toba Tek Singh asks he gives an answer jokingly that thing makes Toba Tek Singh angry.
Muslim and sikh patients :
Muslim lingual claim that he is the leader of Muslim league Mohamad Jinah. And Sikh inmate claim that ge is the leader of hindi Or sikh ligue Master Tara Singh. Both fight in lingual asylum.
The hindu lawyer :
The lawyer fell in love. When someone told that he and he were sent to India. But he doesn't want to go to India because he is a lawyer in Pakistan and doesn't achieve success in India.
News paper reader intimate :
He read the News paper of Zamindar. When one intimately asks questions, what is Pakistan? He gave the answer “ The name of the place where cut throat razors are manufactured ” .
The two anglo indian patient :
They both are shocked hearing the news about the British having left India. They worry about European food and European ward privileges . That represents fear and uncertainty about partition.
Bhai Balbir Singh and Bhai Vardhava Singh :
Friend and brother of Toba Tek Singh.
Roop kaur :
Daughter of Bishan Singh
Amarit kaur :
She is the sister of Bishan Singh.
Lihaaf :
Characters :
The narrative girl :
Lihaaf is the most famous short story narrated by an 18 or 12 year old girl. She shares their childhood experience. The young girl stayed for a week with her adopted daughter whose name is Bagum jaan. She shares their experience and gives a mysterious character about Bagum jaan house, seeing a shadow of an elephant/elephant wall in Bagum jaan’s room.
Bagum jaan :
Bagum Jaan is the aunt of the narrative girl. She is a beautiful , rich and mysterious person . She was married to a rich person Navab sahib who was not interested in Bagum Jaan. Bagum Jaan feels lonely and she shares her time with her servant Rabbu. Bagum Jaan finds emotional and physical content with her messasur Rabbu. When Rabbu leaves her to meet her son Bagum Jaan feels lonely and disappointed now she pays attention to a young girl like Rabbu.
Navab sahib :
Navab Sahib is a rich man and Husband of Bagum Jaan. He was less interested in Bagum Jaan that's why she had her physical relation with Rabbu . He taught the kuran to his students and spent much time with his students. He misbehaves with Rabbu's son. He tries to give gifts and toys but rabbu's son never return.
Rabbu :
Rabbu belongs to lower classes and she is the messenger of Bagum Jaan . She sleeps besides her intimate relationship with when she leaves Bagum Jaan to meet her son Bagum Jaan feels restless and irritated.
Amma :
Amma is the narrative girl's mother. She takes her daughter to Bagum Jaan house and goes to Agra. A young girl fights with his brother. That's why Amma leaves for a week but she feels unsafe at Bagum Jaan home.
Rabbu's son :
Rabbu's son is a student of navab sahib. Rabbu meets her son; he feels unsafe to Navab sahib and never returns to his home.
The night of full moon :
https://share.google/TDHtVxe38qHo6nguW
Characters:
Malan :
Malan is the mother of Minnie. She is beautiful in her mid age . Both mother and sister look like sisters. Her husband was less interested in her and hidden love with someone he met on the night of the full moon . Once she meets her lover wear the clothes of Minnie bangles and red chundi so villagers don't recognize her. People wrongly blamed her daughter .
Minnie :
Minnie is Malan's daughter. She is a very beautiful, young and shy person. She got married in a week. She used to go to temples in the morning . Her mother used to wear bangles and chundi. Villagers people blamed Minnie for meeting another person. Minnie is innocent but people can't believe she says that she has twelve bangles but one bangle is missing. Minnie has suffered from her mother's mistakes.
The lover :
He is a secret person who has loved Malan for more than 12 years .He always comes to Malan’s door every night of full moon. After that he is always knocking the door.Once time Malan decided that she would open the door and meet him. People saw Malan expecting Minnie.
Malan's husband :
Malan's husband was a famous business man and money launderer. He was uninterested , never thinking about her care and respect. He always has important work during the night of the full moon. He is always away from home.
Lajo :
She is the neighbour woman . She is a curious and gossipy person about others. She first claims to Minnie that she meets at night any stranger person. Their words play a big role in the assumption of Minnie’s reputation.
Jumma :
Jumma is the watchman of the village. He supported lajo talking. He saw that was true but she was a Malan in Minni's clothes. He saw Malan but expected that she was Minnie.
Ratna :
Ratna is the rich and powerful landlord in the village. He becomes angry when he finds one red Bengal of Minnie in the field. He believes that this is Minni's Bengals . Without searching ,listening and deeply thinking, Minnie claimed . His strong words make the situation worse and increase the public humiliation of young innocent girl.
How I taught my grand mother to read :
Characters:
The Narrative ( young girl ) :
When the girl was twelve years old at that time the transport system was not well developed so newspapers and magazines were late to the village. The narrator read the magazine “ karmaveera ”. From them the most famous novel is the “ Kashiyatra ” written by Triveni for grandmother . One time her grandmother couldn't read it. The narrative girl taught her that's why she read it. Grandmother touched her feet as a teacher .
Grand mother :
The grandmother's name is krishtaiya. She was 62 years old. She likes the novel “Kashiyatra ”. She read it from her granddaughter. She likes the old lady character from this novel. Once her daughter goes for a marriage novel episode but she can't read it she feels helpless. She told her situation to her granddaughter that her mother died when their childhood father got a second marriage . She got married in old age after she was busy raising their children that's why she can't study. She wants to learn to read from their granddaughter. She is doing well on her duty . She sat her daughter on saraswati pooja and touched her daughter’s feet .
The night station at deoli :
by Ruskin Bond
https://share.google/zBeweXGvZkZz9Nbcj
Characters :
The narrator :
The story takes place when the narrator was 18 years old. He started his college life and celebrated the summer vacation at his grandmother's house at Dehara. He went by train. At the station of Deoli he saw a young girl who was selling the basket. The narrator saw her without any movement. He bought a basket from her and she remained in the narrator's mind. After that he again met a girl he said wait for him but when he went Narrator could not be found anywhere. When he asked the tea stoller he saw but he didn't know about the girl. The narrator did not find the reasons for their disappearance.
The young girl :
A young girl selling the basket at the station of Deoli was noticed by the narrator. She wear poorly dressed and shawl cover their shoulder, bare foot,she have a pale skin , their hair was black and shiny. The narrator buys the basket from the girl. She remains the narrator's mind. Again she meets with him and is told that she will wait for him in the station . After that he never met the girl.
Karma :
Characters :
Sir Mohanlala :
Sir Mohanlala is the main character of the story. He went to England for five years at Cambridge University. He behaves like an Englishman. Follow English tradition in clothes, language, culture, manners, lifestyle even he read English newspapers that's thing show to the people. He met two English soldiers on the train. They go out with Mohanlal to the train. His arrogance and false pride lead to his humiliation at the end.
Lachmi :
She is the wife of Sir Mohanlal. She is a simple Indian woman who doesn't know English. She is sitting in second class on the train. She loves betel leaves (paan), wears Indian clothes, and speaks in a natural way. She is ignored by her husband.
The English Soldiers :
British soldiers traveling in the train.They mock Sir Mohan Lal and throw him out of the first-class compartment.They act as agents of fate (karma) who expose Sir Mohan Lal’s false pride.
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Home Assignment :
How I Taught by my grand mother to read :
About Author :
https://www.google.com/url?-na8BHauUHTMQr4kDegQIKhAA&usg=AOvVaw3ONhSRCECY2Osweicoi9LU
Sudha Murty (née Kulkarni) was born on 19 August 1950.She is a famous Indian educator, author, and philanthropist. She is the Founder and Chairperson of Infosys Foundation.
Infosis Foundation works for education, health care, rural development, and social welfare.
She is married to N. R. Narayana Murthy, co-founder of Infosys. Sudha Murty is known for her simple writing style and meaningful stories.
She writes in Kannada and English.Some of her famous books are Mahashweta (2000) and Dollar Bahu (2003).
Summary and explanation :
https://share.google/EsxpRNPcM3uowoB7K
How can I be taught by my grandmother to read is the most famous short story written by Sudhamurty Published in 2004 .
Story when the young narrative girl who is 12 years old. At that time the transport system was not well developed so newspapers and magazines were brought late to their village. People eagerly wait for newspapers and magazines.
She lives in Karnataka with her grandmother who is 62 years old. She can't read or write. She liked the magazine “ karmaveera ” from which she used to read the story of Kashi yatra. Story written by the most famous Kannada writer Triveni. read by her granddaughter. The story is about an old lady who wants to go to Kashi. It was the great holiest place of hindu. She collected money for the yatra but in their village there are young orapan lady who want to marry. She gave her money to her daughter. Old ladies believe that “ Young lady happiness is more important than a yatra ”.old lady is the role model for their grandmother.
Grandmother was eagerly waiting for a new episode of this story. Once time narrator go for marriage neighbor village at that time Magazine was come but she can't read it she felt helpless and become sad. When the girl asked why she told her story, her mother died and father became busy In second marriage. She lives with her grandparents. She got married at a young age. After that she spent all the time of her life with their children or grandchildren so one regret remains in her life. She wants to learn.
The narrative girl taught the kannad alphabet and taught to read. She do their duty and after that she learned the alphabet. At Sarasvati pooja she stood her daughter in a chair and took blessing . The young girl decided this is not our tradition. My grandmother told me that today you are my teacher, not my daughter. The girl was given the novel of kashiyatra. Mother gifted frock to the daughter.
Age never decided on study.
Theme :
Empowerment though education :
This story reflects the thought of education. That symbolised that in ancient times narrow minded people women got married at a younger age that's why they gave up their studies. Grandmother symbolised education through empowerment because she became capable in reading or writing.
Respect :
Both characters have respect for each other. Grandmother wanted to learn that her daughter supported him. She touched her granddaughter's foot as a teacher. Daughter told she is a younger traditional not allowed. But my grandmother told me today you are my teacher. That all things show Indian culture and special bond to the daughter and mother .
Love and patience :
Both characters show the relationship of love between daughter and mother she taught her mother and patiently mother learn by her daughter.
Braking Barrier :
This story gave the ideas of education that show education not for younger age. That is the main moral of the story that education is not decided by age, that message symbolised by grandmother.
_____________________________________________
Essay :
That Long Silence – That Long Silence by Shashi Deshpande
That long silence https://share.google/ZOB8CmRo36i2In7eJ
Feminism in the novel & identity crisis of Jaya
That Long Silence by Shashi Deshpande is a powerful Indian English novel that presents the inner struggle of a middle-class woman in a patriarchal society.
The novel highlights the themes of feminism, silence, marriage, and identity crisis through the character of Jaya.she follow her grandmother instructions for becoming best wife and women keep silence accepted all things without asking anything. It shows how a woman loses her individuality while trying to become the “ideal wife” and how she finally realizes the importance of finding her own voice.
Feminism in the Novel
Feminism is the belief that women should have equal rights and freedom as men. In That Long Silence, Deshpande shows how women are expected to sacrifice their desires, dreams, and identity for the sake of family. Jaya, the protagonist, is educated and intelligent, but after marriage, she suppresses her thoughts to maintain peace in her home.
Jaya and her husband Mohan live together marriage life but they both can't share their problem and matter. Jaya’s husband Mohan expects her to be obedient, calm, and supportive. He does not like her writing bold stories because they reflect reality. He wants her to write simple, harmless pieces. This shows how women’s creativity and freedom are controlled by men. Jaya stops writing honestly and chooses silence over expression. Her silence becomes a symbol of women’s suffering in a male-dominated society.
Through Jaya’s character, Deshpande criticizes the traditional role of women as silent sufferers. The novel clearly supports feminist ideas by encouraging women to speak up and express their true selves.
Identity Crisis of Jaya :
The major conflict in the novel is Jaya’s identity crisis. Before marriage, she had dreams and ambitions. She wanted to become a writer and express her thoughts freely. However, after marriage, she becomes only “Mohan’s wife” and “Rahul and Rati’s mother.” She loses her personal identity.Her long silence creates frustration and dissatisfaction. She realizes that by remaining silent, she has lost her true identity.
The temporary move to Dadar flat becomes a turning point in her life. She reflects on her past and understands that silence has not saved her marriage or her self-respect. Finally, she decides that she will no longer remain silent. This decision marks the beginning of her self-realization and identity formation.
Symbolism of Silence
Silence is the central symbol of the novel. It represents:
Suppression of women
Fear of conflict
Emotional distance in marriage
Loss of identity
At the end of the novel, Jaya understands that silence is not the solution. Communication and self-expression are necessary for a healthy relationship and for personal growth.
The novel shows that true identity comes from self-awareness and courage to speak the truth.
Important link and reference :
🔗https://share.google/3nJZQ9iAAQSdMcE15
Shashi Deshpande. That Long Silence. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 1988.
Toba Tek Singh by Saadat Hasan Manto
Lihaaf (The Quilt) by Ismat Chughtai
The Night of the Full Moon
(Pooranmashi) by Kartar Singh Duggal
The Night Train at Deoli by Ruskin Bond
How I Taught My Grandmother toRead by Sudha Murty
Karma by Khushwant Singh
